4 phenyl butyric acid Search Results


peo iaa  (MedChemExpress)
94
MedChemExpress peo iaa
Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
Peo Iaa, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/4+phenyl+butyric+acid/PEO-IAA/pmc12318176-169-22-23
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
peo iaa - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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2 methyl 4 phenylbutyric acid  (Enamine Ltd)
92
Enamine Ltd 2 methyl 4 phenylbutyric acid
Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
2 Methyl 4 Phenylbutyric Acid, supplied by Enamine Ltd, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/4+phenyl+butyric+acid/4-Phenylbutyric+acid/pmc11262615-71-2-5
Average 92 stars, based on 1 article reviews
2 methyl 4 phenylbutyric acid - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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phospho threonine derivative fmoc thr hpo3bzl oh  (Chem Impex International)
95
Chem Impex International phospho threonine derivative fmoc thr hpo3bzl oh
Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
Phospho Threonine Derivative Fmoc Thr Hpo3bzl Oh, supplied by Chem Impex International, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/4+phenyl+butyric+acid/Fmoc-O-benzylphospho-L-threonine/10__1074_slash_jbc__m112__430173-57-2-8
Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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fmoc l β homophenylalanine hβ3hf  (Chem Impex International)
95
Chem Impex International fmoc l β homophenylalanine hβ3hf
Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
Fmoc L β Homophenylalanine Hβ3hf, supplied by Chem Impex International, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/4+phenyl+butyric+acid/D-Homophenylalanine/pm26992117-70-7-9
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fmoc l homophenylalanine  (Chem Impex International)
96
Chem Impex International fmoc l homophenylalanine
Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
Fmoc L Homophenylalanine, supplied by Chem Impex International, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/4+phenyl+butyric+acid/Fmoc-L-homophenylalanine/pmc08343139-41-14-30
Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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fmoc l homophe oh  (Chem Impex International)
95
Chem Impex International fmoc l homophe oh
Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
Fmoc L Homophe Oh, supplied by Chem Impex International, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/4+phenyl+butyric+acid/L-Homophenylalanine/10__1038_slash_s41589___019___0245___2-236-35-59
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step a s n tert butoxycarbonyl o benzyloxy serine  (Chem Impex International)
96
Chem Impex International step a s n tert butoxycarbonyl o benzyloxy serine
Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
Step A S N Tert Butoxycarbonyl O Benzyloxy Serine, supplied by Chem Impex International, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/4+phenyl+butyric+acid/Pentafluoro-L-b-homophenylalanine+hydrochloride/us07173051-530-9-15
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step a s n tert butoxycarbonyl o benzyloxy serine - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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3s  (Chem Impex International)
95
Chem Impex International 3s
Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
3s, supplied by Chem Impex International, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/4+phenyl+butyric+acid/Boc-2-fluoro-L-b-homophenylalanine/us08431563-756-9-11
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3s - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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3 3 bis  (European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare)
92
European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare 3 3 bis
Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
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Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
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Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
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Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 <t>μM</t> <t>PEO-IAA</t> for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)
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Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 μM PEO-IAA for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Title: Gibberellin-deactivating GA2OX enzymes act as a hub for auxin–gibberellin cross talk in Arabidopsis thaliana root growth regulation

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2425574122

Figure Lengend Snippet: Auxin signaling directly regulates GA2OX genes. ( A ) Root tips of nlsGPS2 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. ( B ) Quantification of the nlsGPS2 emission ratio corresponding to GA levels along the longitudinal axis of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock. n ≥ 10. ( C ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio in the meristematic (MZ) or elongation zone (EZ) of nlsGPS2 _line1 and ga2ox heptuple nlsGPS2 _line1 treated for 5 h with 50 nM IAA or mock n ≥ 10. ( D ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. n ≥ 12. ( E ) Growth rate of pG1090::XVE ≫ mCherry-GA2OX8 and Col-0 treated with 5 nM IAA for 12 h. Normalized to the mock-treated growth rate. All seedlings grown on estradiol. n ≥ 9. ( F ) Growth rate of ga2ox heptuple and Col-0 treated with 1.5 μM L-Kyn and 10 μM PEO-IAA for 4 h. n ≥ 14. ( G ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots in plants treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. n ≥ 5. ( H ) Quantification of YFP-NLS along the longitudinal axis of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS roots 16h after decapitation. n ≥ 6. ( I ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::YFP-NLS pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. The EZ is indicated by a white line. Quantification of YFP-NLS signal intensity in the EZ. n ≥ 6. ( J ) Root tips of pGA2OX8::mCherry-GA2OX8 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mCherry signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 15. ( K ) Root tips of pGA2OX6::mVenus-GA2OX6 pretreated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn or mock and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. Quantification of mVenus signal intensity in the EZ. The outlines of the root are highlighted. n ≥ 5. ( L ) Quantification of nlsGPS2 emission ratio of nuclei in the MZ or EZ of nlsGPS2 line treated for 24 h with 1.5 μM L-kyn and subsequently treated for 5 h with 100 μM IAA/mock on the shoot. ( M ) A simplified scheme summarizing auxin-modulated regulation of GA2OX genes in the root EZ. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences based on one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunn’s test ( C ) (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001). Error bars in boxplots are CI and in line graphs are SD. The EZ in A , I , J , and K is indicated by a white line. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)

Article Snippet: Estradiol (Sigma, 20 mM stock in DMSO, 2,5 μM working concentration), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA, Sigma, 10 mM stock in 96% ethanol), PEO-IAA (MedChemExpress, 10 mM stock in DMSO), L-kynurenine (L-kyn, Carl Roth, 3 mM stock in DMSO), and propidium iodide (PI, Biotium, 1 M stock in water) were used for treatments.

Techniques: